–Dogs don’t understand “right” and “wrong.” They are amoral. (Not immoral!)
–Dogs do divide the world into good-for-dogs, bad-for-dogs, and neutral.
–Dogs do master reading body language and understanding hand signals.
–Dogs are less terrific at reading our minds and understanding verbal language.
–Dogs do have the ability to navigate complex social worlds— among other dogs.
–Dogs don’t think in abstract concepts the way humans do.
–Dogs are highly social creatures. Marvelous trial-and-error learners. Easy to motivate.
–Dogs are not born to please us, meaning they are not innately able to appreciate the value of Italian shoes.
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